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Nicole SharpLava Meets LeidenfrostDrop water on a surface much hotter than its boiling point, and the liquid will bead up and skitter over the surface, levitated on a cushion of its own vapor. In addition to making the drop hypermobile, this vapor layer insulates it from the heat of the surface, allowing it to survive longer than it would at lower temperatures. Known as the Leidenfrost effect, this phenomenon can show up in lava flows, as well.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_lava" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Pillow lava</a> is a smooth, bulbous rock formed when lava breaks out underwater. The exiting lava is incandescent and, therefore, incredibly hot — hot enough to vaporize a layer of water surrounding it. The lava can continue to expand until it cools too much to sustain the vapor layer. An elastic skin builds up over the cooling lava. Eventually, a new pillow will bud off, possibly due to a surge in the lava flow or a weak point in the developing skin. (Image credit: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-close-up-of-a-large-piece-of-lava-in-the-ground-Wbi3dlc580o" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">J. de Gier</a>; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.1.0183" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">A. Mills</a>; via <a href="https://www.leidenforce.eu/cms/c_13482845/en/lava-steam-and-a-little-lesson-in-physics-exploring-the-leidenfrost-effect-in-volcanic-eruptions?id=c_13482845&id=c_13482845&__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">LeidenForce</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/geology/" target="_blank">#geology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/geophysics/" target="_blank">#geophysics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/lava/" target="_blank">#lava</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/leidenfrost-effect/" target="_blank">#LeidenfrostEffect</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/vaporization/" target="_blank">#vaporization</a>

Nicole SharpInside Cuttlefish Suction <a class="" href="https://Black%20and%20white%20image%20of%20a%20cuttlefish%20catching%20prey%20with%20its%20tentacles.%20Text%20reads,%20Cuttlefish%20capture%20prey%20using%20suction%20cups%20located%20on%20their%20tentacles." rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a> <a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/cuttlefish_suction2.png" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a> <a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/cuttlefish_suction3.png" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a> Cuttlefish, like many cephalopods, catch prey with their tentacles. Suction cups along the tentacle help them hold on. In this video, researchers share preliminary studies of what goes on inside these suction cups as they’re detached. The low pressures inside the suction cup cause water to vaporize, temporarily. As seen for both the cuttlefish and a bio-inspired suction cup, small bubbles form inside the attached cup, coalesce into larger bubbles, and then get destroyed in the catastrophic leak that occurs once part of the suction cup detaches. (Video and image credit: B. Zhang et al.)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/biology/" target="_blank">#biology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/bubble-collapse/" target="_blank">#bubbleCollapse</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/cavitation/" target="_blank">#cavitation</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/cuttlefish/" target="_blank">#cuttlefish</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/suction/" target="_blank">#suction</a>

Nicole SharpVenusian Gravity CurrentsRadar measurements of Venus‘s surface reveal the remains of many volcanic eruptions. One type of feature, known as a pancake dome, has a very flat top and steep sides; one dome, Narina Tholus, is over 140 kilometers wide. Since their discovery, scientists have been puzzling out how such domes could form. A <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008571" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">recent study suggests</a> that the Venusian surface’s elasticity plays a role.According to current models, the pancake domes are gravity currents (like a cold draft under your door, an avalanche, or the <a href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/2019/01/today-marks-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-boston/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Boston Molasses Flood</a>), albeit ones so viscous that they may require hundreds of thousands of Earth-years to settle. Researchers found that their simulated pancake domes best matched measurements from Venus when the lava was about 2.5 times denser than water and flowed over a flexible crust.We might have more data to support (or refute) the study’s conclusions soon, but only if NASA’s VERITAS mission to Venus is not cancelled. (Image credit: NASA; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008571" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">M. Borelli et al.</a>; via <a href="https://gizmodo.com/the-strange-secret-behind-venus-pancake-volcanoes-2000608733?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Gizmodo</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/gravity-currents/" target="_blank">#gravityCurrents</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/planetary-science/" target="_blank">#planetaryScience</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/venus/" target="_blank">#venus</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/viscosity/" target="_blank">#viscosity</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/viscous-flow/" target="_blank">#viscousFlow</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/volcano/" target="_blank">#volcano</a>

AlcorNewsLe 45MFLU décrypte les lois secrètes du vol et des fluides, base méconnue mais essentielle pour toute aero digne de ce nom. <a href="https://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/sites/claude_saintblanquet/synophys/45meflu/45meflu.htm" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/sites/claude_saintblanquet/synophys/45meflu/45meflu.htm</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Science</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/AerospaceEngineering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AerospaceEngineering</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/FluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#FluidDynamics</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/MFLURevival" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MFLURevival</a>

Nicole SharpLa Grande Dune du PilatSouthwest of Bordeaux in France stands Europe’s tallest sand dune, La Grande Dune du Pilat. Some 2.7 kilometers long and over 100 meters high, this dune took shape here over thousands of years. It moves inland a few meters every year as winds blowing from the Atlantic push sand up its shallow seaward side to the dune’s crest. There, sand will avalanche down the steeper leeward side, advancing the dune little by little. The dune’s accumulation has not been steady; during cooler and drier times, sand has collected there, but it took warmer and wetter climes to grow the forests that have helped stabilize the soil and build the dune higher. Humanity has played a role as well, at times introducing new tree species to stabilize the dune. (Image credit: W. Liang; via <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/154130/a-morphing-monument-of-sand?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">NASA Earth Observatory</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/aeolian-processes/" target="_blank">#aeolianProcesses</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/dunes/" target="_blank">#dunes</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/geophysics/" target="_blank">#geophysics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/granular-material/" target="_blank">#granularMaterial</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sand-dunes/" target="_blank">#sandDunes</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a>

robryk<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusselt_number#Dittus%E2%80%93Boelter_equation" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusselt_number#Dittus%E2%80%93Boelter_equation</a> says:> n = 0.4 for the fluid being heated, and n = 0.3 for the fluid being cooled.WTAF. Why do we have different power laws for heat transfer between a solid and liquid when the flow is turbulent _depending on the direction of heat transfer_? I can't think of any simple mean field approximation of the process that would yield that.<a href="https://qoto.org/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/fluiddynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fluiddynamics</a>

Nicole SharpBright Night LightsA coronal mass ejection from the Sun set night skies ablaze in mid-October 2024. This composite panorama shows a busy night sky over New Zealand’s South Island. A widespread red aurora was joined by a green picket-fence aurora and a host of other magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. To the left shines a bright Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc. On the right near the Moon hangs the purple arc of a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/aurora-named-steve/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">STEVE</a> — strong thermal emission velocity enhancement. All of these auroras (and aurora-adjacent phenomena) take place when high-energy particles from the solar wind interact with molecules in our atmosphere. Which molecules they encounter determines the color of the aurora, and the shape depends, in part, on which magnetic lines the particles get funneled down. With strong solar storms like this one, auroras can reach far from the poles, and, as seen here, can show up in many varieties. (Image credit: <a href="https://cre8tivestr3k.com/info-contact" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">T. McDonald</a>; via <a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap241016.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">APOD</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/aurora/" target="_blank">#aurora</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluids-as-art/" target="_blank">#fluidsAsArt</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetohydrodynamics/" target="_blank">#magnetohydrodynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/solar-dynamics/" target="_blank">#solarDynamics</a>

Nicole SharpGlimpses of Coronal RainDespite its incredible heat, our sun‘s corona is so faint compared to the rest of the star that we can rarely make it out except during a total solar eclipse. But a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02564-0" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">new adaptive optic technique</a> has given us coronal images with unprecedented detail.These images come from the 1.6-meter Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory, and they required some 2,200 adjustments to the instrument’s mirror every second to counter atmospheric distortions that would otherwise blur the images. With the new technique, the team was able to sharpen their resolution from 1,000 kilometers all the way down to 63 kilometers, revealing heretofore unseen details of plasma from solar prominences dancing in the sun’s magnetic field and cooling plasma falling as coronal rain.The team hope to upgrade the 4-meter Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope with the technology next, which will enable even finer imagery. (Image credit: <a href="https://nso.edu/press-release/new-adaptive-optics-shows-stunning-details-of-our-stars-atmosphere/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Schmidt et al./NJIT/NSO/AURA/NSF</a>; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02564-0" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">D. Schmidt et al.</a>; via <a href="https://gizmodo.com/telescope-upgrade-reveals-suns-coronal-rain-in-unprecedented-detail-2000607634" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Gizmodo</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetic-field/" target="_blank">#magneticField</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetohydrodynamics/" target="_blank">#magnetohydrodynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/plasma/" target="_blank">#plasma</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/solar-dynamics/" target="_blank">#solarDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/stellar-evolution/" target="_blank">#stellarEvolution</a>

Nicole SharpBow Shock InstabilityThere are few flows more violent than planetary re-entry. Crossing a shock wave is always violent; it forces a sudden jump in density, temperature, and pressure. But at re-entry speeds this shock wave is so strong the density can jump by a factor of 13 or more, and the temperature increase is high enough that it literally rips air molecules apart into plasma. Here, researchers show a numerical simulation of flow around a space capsule moving at Mach 28. The transition through the capsule’s bow shock is so violent that within a few milliseconds, all of the flow behind the shock wave is turbulent. Because turbulence is so good at mixing, this carries hot plasma closer to the capsule’s surface, causing the high temperatures visible in reds and yellows in the image. Also shown — in shades of gray — is the vorticity magnitude of flow around the capsule. (Image credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2024.GFM.P2685195" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">A. Álvarez and A. Lozano-Duran</a>) <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/2024gofm/" target="_blank">#2024gofm</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/cfd/" target="_blank">#CFD</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/computational-fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#computationalFluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/hypersonic/" target="_blank">#hypersonic</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/instability/" target="_blank">#instability</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/numerical-simulation/" target="_blank">#numericalSimulation</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/shock-wave/" target="_blank">#shockWave</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/turbulence/" target="_blank">#turbulence</a>

ScienceOpen'Aerodynamic Sensitivities over Separable Shape Tensors' - an article in the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/AIAA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AIAA</a> Space Collection on <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/ScienceOpen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ScienceOpen</a>:🔗 <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=3770c3e4-34dc-4553-b314-b064aa3a9573" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=3770c3e4-34dc-4553-b314-b064aa3a9573</a><a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/AerospaceEngineering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AerospaceEngineering</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Aerodynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Aerodynamics</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/FluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#FluidDynamics</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Aeronautics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Aeronautics</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/AirfoilDesign" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AirfoilDesign</a>

Nicole SharpBuilding a Better Fog HarpOn arid coastlines, fog rolling in can serve as an important water source. Today’s fog collectors often use tight mesh nets. The narrow holes help catch tiny water particles, but they also clog easily. A few years ago, researchers suggested an alternative design — a fog harp inspired by coastal redwoods — that used closely spaced vertical wires to capture water vapor. At small scales, this technique worked well, but once scaled up to a meter-long fog harp, the strings would stick together once wet — much the way wet hairs cling to one another. The group has <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TA02686E" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">iterated on</a> their design with a new hybrid that maintains the fog harp’s close vertical spacing but adds occasional cross-wires to stabilize. Laboratory tests are promising, with the new hybrid fog harp collecting water with 2 – 8 times the efficiency of either a conventional mesh or their original fog harp. The team notes that even higher efficiencies are possible with electrification. (Image credit: A. Parrish; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TA02686E" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">J. Kaindu et al.</a>; via <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/06/these-va-tech-scientists-are-building-a-better-fog-harp/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Ars Technica</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/condensation/" target="_blank">#condensation</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/elastocapillarity/" target="_blank">#elastocapillarity</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fog/" target="_blank">#fog</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fog-collection/" target="_blank">#fogCollection</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/surface-tension/" target="_blank">#surfaceTension</a>

doboprobodyne<a href="https://masto.ai/@chemoelectric" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@chemoelectric</a> It's all lies. Everyone knows aircraft are kept aloft by paperwork and propelled forward by vast quantities of cash.Obviously, cash can be exchanged for more paperwork if one needs to gain height.🤪 <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/aviation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#aviation</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/aerodynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#aerodynamics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/airplanes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#airplanes</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/aeroplanes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#aeroplanes</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/aircraft" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#aircraft</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/flying" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#flying</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/fluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/bureaucracy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bureaucracy</a>

Nicole SharpSouth Island SedimentsIn April and May late autumn storms ripped through Aotearoa New Zealand. This image shows the central portion of South Island, where coastal waters are unusually bright thanks to suspended sediment. We typically think of storm run-off as water, but these flows can carry lots of sediment as well. Here, the large amount of sediment is likely a combination of increased run-off from rivers and coastal sediment stirred up by faster river flows. (Image credit: W. Liang; via <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/154257/late-autumn-storm-lashes-new-zealand" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">NASA Earth Observatory</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/satellite-image/" target="_blank">#satelliteImage</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sediment-transport/" target="_blank">#sedimentTransport</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sedimentation/" target="_blank">#sedimentation</a>

Planetary EcologistHydraulic diameter (Hydrology 💧)The hydraulic diameter, DH, is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. When the cross-section is uniform along the tube or channel length, it is defined as D H = 4 A P, {\displaystyle D_{\text{H}}={\frac {4A}{P}},}...<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_diameter" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_diameter</a><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/HydraulicDiameter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#HydraulicDiameter</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Radii" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Radii</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Hydrology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Hydrology</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Hydraulics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Hydraulics</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/HeatTransfer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#HeatTransfer</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/FluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#FluidDynamics</a>

Nicole SharpFlying FoxesA sweltering day in India brought out the local giant fruit bats (also called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_flying_fox" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Indian flying foxes</a>) to keep cool in the river. Normally nocturnal, they made a rare daytime appearance to beat the heat. Wildlife photographer Hardik Shelat was lucky enough to catch these awesome images of the bats in flight. True to their name, the animals have wingspans ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 meters, which should give them some impressive lift, even when gliding down near the water. (Image credit: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/hardik_shelat_photography/?hl=en" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">H. Shelat</a>; via <a href="https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2025/06/hardik-shelat-flying-foxes/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Colossal</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/bats/" target="_blank">#bats</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/biology/" target="_blank">#biology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flapping-flight/" target="_blank">#flappingFlight</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/gliding/" target="_blank">#gliding</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a>

Soh Kam Yung"We discovered that the flickering snake tongue generates two pairs of small, swirling masses of air, or vortices, that act like tiny fans, pulling odors in from each side and jetting them directly into the path of each tongue tip."<a href="https://theconversation.com/smelling-in-stereo-the-real-reason-snakes-have-flicking-forked-tongues-142363" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/smelling-in-stereo-the-real-reason-snakes-have-flicking-forked-tongues-142363</a><a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/Snakes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Snakes</a> <a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/Biology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Biology</a> <a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/Smelling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Smelling</a> <a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/Nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Nature</a> <a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/Tongues" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Tongues</a> <a href="https://mstdn.io/tags/FluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#FluidDynamics</a>

Nicole SharpMartian Streaks Are DryDark lines appearing on Martian slopes have triggered theories of flowing water or brine on the planet’s surface. But a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59395-w" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">new study suggests</a> that these features are, instead, dry. To explore these streaks, the team assembled a global database of sightings and correlated their map with other known quantities, like temperature, wind speed, and rock slides. By connecting the data across thousands of streaks, they could build statistics about what variables correlated with the streaks’ appearance.What they found was that streaks didn’t appear in places connected to liquid water or even frost. Instead, the streaks appeared in spots with high wind speeds and heavy dust accumulation. The team included that, rather than being moist areas, the streaks are dry and form when dust slides down the slope, perhaps triggered by high winds or passing dust devils.Although showing that the streaks aren’t associated with water may seem disappointing, it may mean that NASA will be able to explore them sooner. Right now, NASA avoids sending rovers anywhere near water, out of concern that Earth microbes still on the rover could contaminate the Martian environment. (Image credit: NASA; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59395-w" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">V. Bickel and A. Valantinas</a>; via <a href="https://gizmodo.com/bizarre-streaks-on-mars-arent-caused-by-water-after-all-study-suggests-2000605177?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Gizmodo</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/geophysics/" target="_blank">#geophysics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/mars/" target="_blank">#Mars</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/planetary-science/" target="_blank">#planetaryScience</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a>

Nicole SharpListening for PollinatorsCan plants recognize the sound of their pollinators? That’s the question behind this <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083951" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">recently presented</a> acoustic research. As bees and other pollinators hover, land, and take-off, their bodies buzz in distinctive ways. Researchers recorded these subtle sounds from a Rhodanthidium sticticum bee and played them back to snapdragons, which rely on that insect. They found that the snapdragons responded with an increase in sugar and nectar volume; the plants even altered their gene expression governing sugar transport and nectar production. The researchers suspect that the plants evolved this strategy to attract their most efficient pollinators and thereby increase their own reproductive success. (Image credit: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-vase-filled-with-purple-flowers-on-top-of-a-table-bA5jzbGtEWw" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">E. Wilcox</a>; research credit: <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083951" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">F. Barbero et al.</a>; via <a href="https://www.popsci.com/environment/plants-hear-pollinators/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">PopSci</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/acoustics/" target="_blank">#acoustics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/biology/" target="_blank">#biology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/insects/" target="_blank">#insects</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/plants/" target="_blank">#plants</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/pollination/" target="_blank">#pollination</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a>

Nicole SharpRolling Down Soft SurfacesPlace a rigid ball on a hard vertical surface, and it will free fall. Stick a liquid drop there, and it will slide down. But <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM01490A" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">researchers discovered</a> that with a soft sphere and a soft surface, it’s possible to roll down a vertical wall. The effect requires just the right level of squishiness for both the wall and sphere, but when conditions are right, the 1-millimeter radius sphere rolls (with a little slipping) down the wall. Rolling requires torque, something that’s usually lacking on a vertical surface. But the team found that their soft spheres got the torque needed to roll from their asymmetric contact with the surface. More of the sphere contacted above its centerline than below it. The researchers compared the way the sphere contacted the surface to a crack opening (at the back of the sphere) and a crack closing (at the front of the sphere). That asymmetry creates just enough torque to roll the sphere slowly. The team hopes their discovery opens up new possibilities for soft robots to climb and descend vertical surfaces. (Image and research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM01490A" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">S. Mitra et al.</a>; via <a href="https://gizmodo.com/cool-physics-feat-makes-a-sphere-roll-down-a-vertical-wall-2000610612?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Gizmodo</a>)<a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/adhesion/" target="_blank">#adhesion</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/slip/" target="_blank">#slip</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/soft-matter/" target="_blank">#softMatter</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/solid-mechanics/" target="_blank">#solidMechanics</a>

Pustam | पुस्तम | পুস্তম🇳🇵Imagine being a brilliant physicist/mathematician and still avoiding the most important problems because your career depends on publishing frequent papers, not solving the biggest mysteries in the world.That's why you can't do things like this in academia.<a href="https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2025-06-24/spanish-mathematician-javier-gomez-serrano-and-google-deepmind-team-up-to-solve-the-navier-stokes-million-dollar-problem.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2025-06-24/spanish-mathematician-javier-gomez-serrano-and-google-deepmind-team-up-to-solve-the-navier-stokes-million-dollar-problem.html</a><a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/NavierStokes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NavierStokes</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/GoogleDeepMind" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GoogleDeepMind</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/DeepMind" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DeepMind</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/MillenniumProblems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MillenniumProblems</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Existence" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Existence</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Smoothness" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Smoothness</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Fluid" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Fluid</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/FluidDynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#FluidDynamics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Turbulence" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Turbulence</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Dynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Dynamics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/TurbulentFlows" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#TurbulentFlows</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Research" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Research</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Engineering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Engineering</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Physics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Math" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Math</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Maths" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Maths</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Mathematics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Mathematics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/UnsolvedProblems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#UnsolvedProblems</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/BiggestMystery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#BiggestMystery</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/Flows" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Flows</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/MillionDollarProblem" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MillionDollarProblem</a>

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