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Giuseppe Michieli[Correspondence] <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/LP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#LP</a>.8.1 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variant</a> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00079-9/fulltext?rss=yes" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00079-9/fulltext?rss=yes</a> LP.8.1 (JN.1.11.1.1.1.3.8.1), a descendant lineage of KP.1.1.3 (JN.11.1.1.1.3), is starting to spread worldwide. LP.8.1 has acquired nine spike protein mutations compared with JN.1, and eight amino acid residues differ between the spike proteins of LP.8.1 and XEC.

Giuseppe Michieli[Correspondence] <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/antigenic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antigenic</a> characteristics of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variants</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/LF" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#LF</a>.7.2.1, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/NP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#NP</a>.1, and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/LP" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#LP</a>.8.1 <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00015-5/fulltext?rss=yes" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00015-5/fulltext?rss=yes</a> ... several sublineages of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/JN" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#JN</a>.1 are increasingly out-competing XEC and KP.3.1.1, exhibiting superior growth advantages; for example, LF.7.2.1, MC.10.1, NP.1, and, most importantly, LP.8.1 (figure A, B).

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/characteristics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#characteristics</a> of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP311" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP311</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variant</a> <a href="http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.16.603835v1?rss=1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.16.603835v1?rss=1</a> KP.3.1.1 exhibited a higher Re, higher pseudovirus infectivity, & higher neutralization <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/evasion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#evasion</a> than KP.3. These results align with our recent report that <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/JN1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#JN1</a> subvariants with S:S31del (eg KP.2.3 & LB.1) exhibited enhanced Re and immune evasion compared to other JN.1 subvariants without S:S31del (eg JN.1, KP.2, & KP.3), highlighting evolutionary significance of S:S31del in JN.1 lineages.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP3" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP3</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/LB1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#LB1</a>, and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP23" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP23</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variants</a>, Lancet Infect Dis.: <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00415-8/fulltext?rss=yes" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00415-8/fulltext?rss=yes</a> JN.1 subvariants such as LB.1 (JN.1.9.2.1) and KP.2.3 (JN.1.11.1.2·3), which convergently acquired a deletion at the 31st position in S (Ser31del) in addition to the aforementioned substitutions, have emerged and spread as of June, 2024 (appendix pp 12–13).

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SarsCoV2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SarsCoV2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP3" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP3</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/LB1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#LB1</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP23" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP23</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variants</a>, BioRxIV, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597664v1?rss=1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597664v1?rss=1</a> Our results suggest that S <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/substitutions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#substitutions</a> convergently acquired in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/JN1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#JN1</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/subvariants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#subvariants</a> contribute to immune evasion, & increase their Re when compared to parental JN.1. LB.1 & KP.2.3 exhibited higher pseudovirus <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/infectivity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#infectivity</a> & more immune resistance than KP.2. Data suggest that S:S31del is critical to exhibit +infectivity, +immune evasion, & potentially contributes to increased Re.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SarsCoV2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SarsCoV2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/KP2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#KP2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variant</a> <a href="http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.24.590786v1?rss=1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.24.590786v1?rss=1</a> Particularly, KP.2 shows the most significant <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/resistance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#resistance</a> to the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/sera" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sera</a> of monovalent <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/XBB15" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#XBB15</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/vaccinee" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#vaccinee</a> without <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/infection" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#infection</a> (3.1-fold) as well as those who with infection (1.8-fold). Altogether, these results suggest that the increased immune resistance ability of KP.2 partially contributes to the higher Re more than previous variants including JN.1.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Genetic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Genetic</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#virological</a> characteristics of a <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/reassortant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#reassortant</a> avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#influenza</a> A <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H6N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H6N1</a> virus isolated from wild <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/birds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#birds</a> at a live-bird <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/market" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#market</a> in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Egypt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Egypt</a>, Arch Virol.: <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-024-06022-6" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-024-06022-6</a> Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian H6N1 strain A/Garganey/Egypt/20869C/2022(H6N1) has a unique genomic <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/constellation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#constellation</a>, with gene <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/segments" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#segments</a> inherited from different subtypes (<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H5N1</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N8" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H3N8</a>, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H7N3" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H7N3</a>, H6N1, and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H10N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H10N1</a>) that have been detected previously in AIVs from Egypt and some Eurasian countries.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/clinical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#clinical</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/outcomes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#outcomes</a> in outpatients treated with <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/baloxavir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#baloxavir</a> or <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/NAIs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#NAIs</a> for A(<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#H3N2</a>) <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#influenza</a>: A multicenter study of the 2022-2023 season <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38430970/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=10ykRO9og5pGdo51l9DEPEpOJ3DVFIn__QK2QPM3dci1C1dEYq&fc=None&ff=20240303191922&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38430970/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=10ykRO9og5pGdo51l9DEPEpOJ3DVFIn__QK2QPM3dci1C1dEYq&fc=None&ff=20240303191922&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414</a> -- These findings affirm baloxavir's virological and clinical effectiveness against A(H3N2) in the 2022-2023 season and suggest limited clinical influence of post-treatment resistance emergence.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Omicron" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Omicron</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/XBB15" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#XBB15</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variant</a>, Nat Commun.: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45274-3" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45274-3</a>-- We provide intrinsic pathogenicity of XBB.1 & XBB.1.5 in hamsters. ...we find that <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/ORF8" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ORF8</a> nonsense mutation of XBB.1.5 resulted in impairment of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/MHC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#MHC</a> suppression. In vivo experiments using recombinant viruses reveal that XBB.1.5 mutations are involved with reduced virulence of XBB.1.5... our study identifies 2 viral functions defined difference between XBB.1 & XBB.1.5.

Giuseppe Michieli[Correspondence] <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Virological</a> characteristics of the <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/SARS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SARS</a>-CoV-2 <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/JN1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#JN1</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/variant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#variant</a> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00813-7/fulltext?rss=yes" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00813-7/fulltext?rss=yes</a>-- JN.1 harbours Leu455Ser and three mutations in non-spike proteins (appendix pp 17–18). Spike protein mutation Leu455Ser is a hallmark mutation of JN.1: we have recently shown that HK.3 and other flip variants carry Leu455Phe, which contributes to increased transmissibility and immune escape ability compared with the parental EG.5.1 variant.

ECDCR to <a href="https://respublicae.eu/@ECDC_EU" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@ECDC_EU</a>: By providing a concise summary of the <a href="https://respublicae.eu/tags/epidemiological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#epidemiological</a> and <a href="https://respublicae.eu/tags/virological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#virological</a> situation for respiratory virus infections, <a href="https://respublicae.eu/tags/ERVISS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ERVISS</a> supports <a href="https://respublicae.eu/tags/PublicHealth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#PublicHealth</a> decision-makers to take timely, well-informed decisions to limit the impact on healthcare systems and the wider public. 🐦🔗: <a href="https://nitter.cz/ECDC_EU/status/1717166324508405937#m" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://nitter.cz/ECDC_EU/status/1717166324508405937#m</a>[2023-10-25 13:08 UTC]

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