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#CSOs

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linux


https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06546

#cs.OS #cs.RO

Result Details
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arXiv.orgWork in Progress: Middleware-Transparent Callback Enforcement in Commoditized Component-Oriented Real-time SystemsReal-time scheduling in commoditized component-oriented real-time systems, such as ROS 2 systems on Linux, has been studied under nested scheduling: OS thread scheduling and middleware layer scheduling (e.g., ROS 2 Executor). However, by establishing a persistent one-to-one correspondence between callbacks and OS threads, we can ignore the middleware layer and directly apply OS scheduling parameters (e.g., scheduling policy, priority, and affinity) to individual callbacks. We propose a middleware model that enables this idea and implements CallbackIsolatedExecutor as a novel ROS 2 Executor. We demonstrate that the costs (user-kernel switches, context switches, and memory usage) of CallbackIsolatedExecutor remain lower than those of the MultiThreadedExecutor, regardless of the number of callbacks. Additionally, the cost of CallbackIsolatedExecutor relative to SingleThreadedExecutor stays within a fixed ratio (1.4x for inter-process and 5x for intra-process communication). Future ROS 2 real-time scheduling research can avoid nested scheduling, ignoring the existence of the middleware layer.
#CSOs#csro
Public
FunctionalProgramming


https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01603

#cs.DC #cs.OS

Result Details
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arXiv.orgUnlocking True Elasticity for the Cloud-Native Era with DandelionElasticity is fundamental to cloud computing, as it enables quickly allocating resources to match the demand of each workload as it arrives, rather than pre-provisioning resources to meet performance objectives. However, even serverless platforms -- which boot sandboxes in 10s to 100s of milliseconds -- are not sufficiently elastic to avoid over-provisioning expensive resources. Today's FaaS platforms rely on pre-provisioning many idle sandboxes in memory to reduce the occurrence of slow, cold starts. A key obstacle for high elasticity is booting a guest OS and configuring features like networking in sandboxes, which are required to expose an isolated POSIX-like interface to user functions. Our key insight is that redesigning the interface for applications in the cloud-native era enables co-designing a much more efficient and elastic execution system. Now is a good time to rethink cloud abstractions as developers are building applications to be cloud-native. Cloud-native applications typically consist of user-provided compute logic interacting with cloud services (for storage, AI inference, query processing, etc) exposed over REST APIs. Hence, we propose Dandelion, an elastic cloud platform with a declarative programming model that expresses applications as DAGs of pure compute functions and higher-level communication functions. Dandelion can securely execute untrusted user compute functions in lightweight sandboxes that cold start in hundreds of microseconds, since pure functions do not rely on extra software environments such as a guest OS. Dandelion makes it practical to boot a sandbox on-demand for each request, decreasing performance variability by two to three orders of magnitude compared to Firecracker and reducing committed memory by 96% on average when running the Azure Functions trace.
#csdc#CSOs
Public
Linux-Maintainers


https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21394

#cs.OS

Result Details
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arXiv.orgConcurrency Testing in the Linux Kernel via eBPFConcurrency is vital for our critical software to meet modern performance requirements, yet concurrency bugs are notoriously difficult to detect and reproduce. Controlled Concurrency Testing (CCT) can make bugs easier to expose by enabling control over thread interleavings and systematically exploring the interleaving space through scheduling algorithms. However, existing CCT solutions for kernel code are heavyweight, leading to significant performance, maintainability and extensibility issues. In this work, we introduce LACE, a lightweight CCT framework for kernel code empowered by eBPF. Without hypervisor modification, LACE features a custom scheduler tailored for CCT algorithms to serialize non-determistic thread execution into a controlled ordering. LACE also provides a mechanism to safely inject scheduling points into the kernel for fine-grained control. Furthermore, LACE employs a two-phase mutation strategy to integrate the scheduler with a concurrency fuzzer, allowing for automated exploration of both the input and schedule space. In our evaluation, LACE achieves 38\% more branches, 57\% overhead reduction and 11.4$\times$ speed-up in bug exposure compared to the state-of-the-art kernel concurrency fuzzers. Our qualitative analysis also demonstrates the extensibility and maintainability of LACE. Furthermore, LACE discovers eight previously unknown bugs in the Linux kernel, with six confirmed by developers.
#CSOs
Public
LLMs


https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15302

#cs.DC #cs.OS

Result Details
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arXiv.orgRAGDoll: Efficient Offloading-based Online RAG System on a Single GPURetrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language model (LLM) generation quality by incorporating relevant external knowledge. However, deploying RAG on consumer-grade platforms is challenging due to limited memory and the increasing scale of both models and knowledge bases. In this work, we introduce RAGDoll, a resource-efficient, self-adaptive RAG serving system integrated with LLMs, specifically designed for resource-constrained platforms. RAGDoll exploits the insight that RAG retrieval and LLM generation impose different computational and memory demands, which in a traditional serial workflow result in substantial idle times and poor resource utilization. Based on this insight, RAGDoll decouples retrieval and generation into parallel pipelines, incorporating joint memory placement and dynamic batch scheduling strategies to optimize resource usage across diverse hardware devices and workloads. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RAGDoll adapts effectively to various hardware configurations and LLM scales, achieving up to 3.6 times speedup in average latency compared to serial RAG systems based on vLLM.
#csdc#CSOs
Public
linux


https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13994

#cs.HC #cs.OS #cs.SE

Result Details
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arXiv.orgTerminal Lucidity: Envisioning the Future of the TerminalThe Unix terminal, or just simply, the terminal, can be found being applied in almost every facet of computing. It is available across all major platforms and often integrated into other applications. Due to its ubiquity, even marginal improvements to the terminal have the potential to make massive improvements to productivity on a global scale. We believe that evolutionary improvements to the terminal, in its current incarnation as windowed terminal emulator, are possible and that developing a thorough understanding of issues that current terminal users face is fundamental to knowing how the terminal should evolve. In order to develop that understanding we have mined Unix and Linux Stack Exchange using a fully-reproducible method which was able to extract and categorize 91.0% of 1,489 terminal-related questions (from the full set of nearly 240,000 questions) without manual intervention. We present an analysis, to our knowledge the first of its kind, of windowed terminal-related questions posted over a 15-year period and viewed, in aggregate, approximately 40 million times. As expected, given its longevity, we find the terminal's many features being applied across a wide variety of use cases. We find evidence that the terminal, as windowed terminal emulator, has neither fully adapted to its now current graphical environment nor completely untangled itself from features more suited to incarnations in previous environments. We also find evidence of areas where we believe the terminal could be extended along with other areas where it could be simplified. Surprisingly, while many current efforts to improve the terminal include improving the terminal's social and collaborative aspects, we find little evidence of this as a prominent pain point.
#cshc#CSOs#csse
Public
OpenSource


https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23068

#cs.OS

Event Attributes
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arXiv.orgLinux for Everyone: Can Standardization Drive Mainstream Adoption?Despite its technical superiority and flexibility, Linux remains a niche OS in the consumer markets. Because fragmentation stems from diverse distributions, it lacks the standardized experience, which discourages mainstream adoption. This foundational paper explores whether a balanced approach to standardization can bridge this gap without compromising Linux's core philosophy of freedom and openness. We analyze historical attempts at unification, such as Flatpak, Wayland, and Snap, identifying reasons for their limited success. Using case studies and statistical insights, we understand how fragmentation affects developers, designers, management users, and gaming users. The paper proposes a standardized yet modular Linux ecosystem ensuring adaptability for new users and flexibility for power users. Rather than giving a technical solution, this paper discusses the feasibility of a unified Linux experience by providing the groundwork for structured standardization. We aim to inspire future research as well for positioning Linux as a viable alternative to Windows and MacOS without sacrificing its open--source nature.
#CSOs
Public
Maati TV

After 2013, the way #Pakistan views NGOs has changed drastically, with many looking at their role with doubt and suspicion of Western influence.

In this conversation, we have been joined by Ms. Sabiha Shaheen, executive director at BARGAD Youth, Mr. Mohammad Waseem, director Interactive Resource Centre, and Ms. Uzma Yaqoob, director FDI Pakistan, to talk about the different roles of #NGOs, Civil Societies, and #CSOs in Pakistan today.

Watch full episode here :youtu.be/DBsEoYkur94

youtu.be- YouTubeEnjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
Public
LLMs


https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09663

#cs.OS #cs.SE

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgBYOS: Knowledge-driven Large Language Models Bring Your Own Operating System More ExcellentKernel configurations play an important role in the performance of Operating System (OS). However, with the rapid iteration of OS, finding the proper configurations that meet specific requirements can be challenging, which can be primarily attributed to the default kernel provided by vendors does not take the requirements of specific workloads into account, and the heavyweight tuning process cannot catch up with the rapid evolving pace of the kernel. To address these challenges, we propose BYOS, a novel framework powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) to customize kernel configurations for diverse user requirements. By integrating OS-oriented Dual-layer Knowledge Graph (OD-KG) and corresponding reasoning strategy, BYOS enhanced the LLM's understanding of the characteristics and capabilities of OS, thus enabling customized, cost-effective, and convenient generation of kernel configurations. Experiments show that the kernels configured by BYOS outperform the default vendor-configured kernels by 7.1% to 155.4%, demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of BYOS in customizing kernel configurations. Our code is available at https://github.com/LHY-24/BYOS.
#CSOs#csse
Public
Defend Democracy

Civil society organisations (#CSOs) are under attack across Europe and America.

The #EU must act now to defend them and safeguard #democracy.

#DefendDemocracy

eesc.europa.eu/en/news-media/p

European Economic and Social Committee · Civil Society Under Fire: Why the EU Must Act NowCivil society organisations (CSOs) are under attack across Europe and America. The EU must act now to defend them and safeguard democracy. At its plenary debate on the International Day of NGOs, the European Economic and Social Committee sent out a clear message: CSOs are democracy’s frontline defenders. With funding cuts threatening their survival, the EU must take immediate action to protect and support them.
Public
LLMs


https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17439

#cs.SE #cs.AI #cs.DC #cs.OS

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgLarge Language Models as Realistic Microservice Trace GeneratorsComputer system workload traces, which record hardware or software events during application execution, are essential for understanding the behavior of complex systems and managing their processing and memory resources. However, obtaining real-world traces can be challenging due to the significant collection overheads in performance and privacy concerns that arise in proprietary systems. As a result, synthetic trace generation is considered a promising alternative to using traces collected in real-world production deployments. This paper proposes to train a large language model (LLM) to generate synthetic workload traces, specifically microservice call graphs. To capture complex and arbitrary hierarchical structures and implicit constraints in such traces, we fine-tune LLMs to generate each layer recursively, making call graph generation a sequence of easier steps. To further enforce learning constraints in traces and generate uncommon situations, we apply additional instruction tuning steps to align our model with the desired trace features. Our evaluation results show that our model can generate diverse realistic traces under various conditions and outperform existing methods in accuracy and validity. We show that our synthetically generated traces can effectively substitute real-world data in optimizing or tuning systems management tasks. We also show that our model can be adapted to perform key downstream trace-related tasks, specifically, predicting key trace features and infilling missing data given partial traces. Codes are available in https://github.com/ldos-project/TraceLLM.
#csse#csai#csdc
Public
LLMs


https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15734

#cs.DC #cs.AI #cs.CL #cs.LG #cs.OS

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgCache-Craft: Managing Chunk-Caches for Efficient Retrieval-Augmented GenerationRetrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is often used with Large Language Models (LLMs) to infuse domain knowledge or user-specific information. In RAG, given a user query, a retriever extracts chunks of relevant text from a knowledge base. These chunks are sent to an LLM as part of the input prompt. Typically, any given chunk is repeatedly retrieved across user questions. However, currently, for every question, attention-layers in LLMs fully compute the key values (KVs) repeatedly for the input chunks, as state-of-the-art methods cannot reuse KV-caches when chunks appear at arbitrary locations with arbitrary contexts. Naive reuse leads to output quality degradation. This leads to potentially redundant computations on expensive GPUs and increases latency. In this work, we propose Cache-Craft, a system for managing and reusing precomputed KVs corresponding to the text chunks (we call chunk-caches) in RAG-based systems. We present how to identify chunk-caches that are reusable, how to efficiently perform a small fraction of recomputation to fix the cache to maintain output quality, and how to efficiently store and evict chunk-caches in the hardware for maximizing reuse while masking any overheads. With real production workloads as well as synthetic datasets, we show that Cache-Craft reduces redundant computation by 51% over SOTA prefix-caching and 75% over full recomputation. Additionally, with continuous batching on a real production workload, we get a 1.6X speed up in throughput and a 2X reduction in end-to-end response latency over prefix-caching while maintaining quality, for both the LLaMA-3-8B and LLaMA-3-70B models.
#csdc#csai#cscl
Public
OpenSource


https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13163

#cs.OS #cs.CR #cs.SE

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgA Survey of Fuzzing Open-Source Operating SystemsVulnerabilities in open-source operating systems (OSs) pose substantial security risks to software systems, making their detection crucial. While fuzzing has been an effective vulnerability detection technique in various domains, OS fuzzing (OSF) faces unique challenges due to OS complexity and multi-layered interaction, and has not been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, this work systematically surveys the state-of-the-art OSF techniques, categorizes them based on the general fuzzing process, and investigates challenges specific to kernel, file system, driver, and hypervisor fuzzing. Finally, future research directions for OSF are discussed. GitHub: https://github.com/pghk13/Survey-OSF.
#CSOs#cscr#csse
Public
LLMs


https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05413

#cs.OS

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgXPUTimer: Anomaly Diagnostics for Divergent LLM Training in GPU Clusters of Thousand-Plus ScaleThe rapid proliferation of large language models has driven the need for efficient GPU training clusters. However, ensuring high-performance training in these clusters is challenging due to the complexity of software-hardware interactions and the frequent occurrence of training anomalies. Since existing diagnostic tools are narrowly tailored to specific issues, there are gaps in their ability to address anomalies spanning the entire training stack. In response, we introduce XPUTimer, a real-time diagnostic framework designed for distributed LLM training at scale. XPUTimer first integrates a lightweight tracing daemon to monitor key code segments with minimal overhead. Additionally, it features a diagnostic engine that employs novel intra-kernel tracing and holistic aggregated metrics to efficiently identify and resolve anomalies. Deployment of XPUTimer across 6,000 GPUs over eight months demonstrated significant improvements across the training stack, validating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
#CSOs
Public
FunctionalProgramming


https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08249

#cs.PL #cs.CR #cs.OS

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgVerifying Device Drivers with PancakeDevice driver bugs are the leading cause of OS compromises, and their formal verification is therefore highly desirable. To the best of our knowledge, no realistic and performant driver has been verified for a non-trivial device. We propose Pancake, an imperative language for systems programming that features a well-defined and verification-friendly semantics. Leveraging the verified compiler backend of the CakeML functional language, we develop a compiler for Pancake that guarantees that the binary retains the semantics of the source code. Usng automatic translation of Pancake to the Viper SMT front-end, we verify a performant driver for an Ethernet NIC.
#cspl#cscr#CSOs
Public
CDT Europe

Transparency drives accountability.

In our response to the EU’s consultation on the #DSA Delegated Regulation, we focused on:

1️⃣ Preventing law enforcement misuse by excluding them as vetted researchers

2️⃣ Enabling #CSOs (incl. non-EU) through collaborative applications

3️⃣ Ensuring robust, detailed, & updated #data inventories

These steps will protect rights & empower meaningful research.

Read our full recommendations: cdt.org/insights/cdt-europe-re

Center for Democracy and TechnologyCDT Europe Response to the Consultation on Data Access in the DSACDT Europe welcomes the European Commission’s initiative to provide independent researchers with access to platforms’ data, initially through Article 40 of the Digital Services Act and now with further specifications outlined in the Draft Delegated Act. Several VLOPs have made access to their data more difficult in the last year, but transparency that allows for […]
Public
CDT Europe

🚩 Last week, CDT Europe & @DisinfoEU hosted a webinar on #DSA Art.22 to explore the vetting process, benefits, and insights for #CSOs considering applying as Trusted Flaggers.

📢 During the event, the European Commission announced that they are working on upcoming Art.22 guidelines to help harmonise practices across member states, and that a study identifying key challenges and recommendations will be published soon.

Watch this space for more!

cdt.org/insights/trusted-flagg

Center for Democracy and TechnologyTrusted Flaggers in the DSA: Challenges and OpportunitiesKey Recommendations isinfo.eu/">EU DisinfoLab organised a webinar on Article 22 of the Digital Services Act (DSA) as a follow-up to a workshop from CDT Europe’s Civil Society Roundtable on ‘Vetting Key Stakeholders’. With more than 30 participants, this webinar brought together an array of key stakeholders, including the European Commission, Digital Services Coordinators (DSCs), vetted trusted […]
Public
OpenSource


https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17710

#cs.DC #cs.OS

Event Attributes
arXiv.orgAgent Centric Operating System -- a Comprehensive Review and Outlook for Operating SystemThe operating system (OS) is the backbone of modern computing, providing essential services and managing resources for computer hardware and software. This review paper offers an in-depth analysis of operating systems' evolution, current state, and prospects. We begin with an overview of the concept and significance of operating systems in the digital era. In the second section, we delve into the existing released operating systems, examining their architectures, functionalities, and the ecosystems they support. We then explore recent advances in OS evolution, highlighting innovations in real-time processing, distributed computing, and security. The third section focuses on the new era of operating systems, discussing emerging trends like the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) integration. We also consider the challenges and opportunities presented by these developments. This review concludes with a synthesis of the current landscape and a forward-looking discussion on the future trajectories of operating systems, including open issues and areas ripe for further research and innovation. Finally, we put forward a new OS architecture.
#csdc#CSOs
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